Fatal Strategies
Fatal Strategies
Author: Jean Baudrillard
Year: 1983 (French original Les Stratégies fatales, Éditions Grasset, Paris); 1990/2008 (English translation by Philippe Beitchman and W. G. J. Niesluchowski, Semiotext(e) Foreign Agents series)
Source type: book
Raw file: raw/books/baudrillard_1983_fatal_strategies.md
Summary
Fatal Strategies (Paris: Grasset, 1983; trans. Philippe Beitchman and W. G. J. Niesluchowski, Los Angeles: Semiotext(e), 1990/2008) is, in Baudrillard's own judgement, the most important of his books and the best single overview of his thought — the volume Dominic Pettman introduces as "one of Baudrillard's most emphatic and comprehensive statements." Its wager, stated on the last page, is "to believe for a single instant the hypothesis that there is a fatal and enigmatic bias in the order of things." Against the exhausted dialectics of meaning, Baudrillard proposes fatal strategies: not the Machiavellian strategies of a subject securing its sovereignty, but the strategies of the object — "evil genies, sly objects, ironic events, and spanners in the works" that escape the centripetal will of the individual. The book's master-movement is reversibility and potentialization: where things have lost their dialectical determination, they redouble themselves to the limit — "the truer than true," "the more beautiful than beautiful," "the more real than real" — into ecstasy; and where the scene of meaning collapses, they pass into obscenity. Its five chapters — "Ecstasy and Inertia," "Figures of the Transpolitical," "Ironic Strategies," "The Object and Its Destiny," and "For a Principle of Evil" — move from the obese and the hostage (the transpolitical figures of the disappearance of the body, the social, and the political) through the evil genies of the social, the object, and passion (seduction against love) to the supremacy of the object, the absolute commodity, the reversible imminence of destiny against chance, and the closing "ceremony of the world." Running through it are Baudelaire's absolute commodity (read against Benjamin's melancholy), Bataille's accursed share, Canetti's aphorisms, Lévi-Strauss's "excess of the signifier," and the pataphysics of Alfred Jarry. (Quotations are located by chapter and section: the raw OCR text is unpaginated; running book page numbers survive only intermittently. The English is a play on "fatal" as both fate/destiny and lethality — "how could there be fatality if there is strategy?")
Key Claims
Introduction: "A Belated Invitation to the Orgy" (Dominic Pettman)
- The orgy is over — this is utopia. Pettman frames the book as an account of "the crisis of achieved utopia": "this lurching tableaux of strip malls, Sony Walkman-cocooned joggers, terrorist-themed fashion shows, designer painkillers, and poll results." Baudrillard "insisted that this was indeed utopia… we were now obliged to endure the consequences of getting what we had collectively asked for." "The orgy was over. Long live the orgy!" See simulation-hyperreality, utopia.
- Reality is the victim of "the perfect crime"; the hyperreal is more real than real. "The hyperreal is not an illusion. It is not a false world of Platonic cave shadows, from which one could escape. It is the more real than real." See simulation-hyperreality, four-phases-of-the-image.
- Fatal strategies belong to the object, not the subject. They "differ from other such techniques, such as Machiavelli's or Sun Tzu's, in that they are not about securing the sovereignty or prosperity of the subject, but are deployed by forces enigmatic to us." Pettman: "'Only the subject desires; only the object seduces.'" See fatal-strategies, supremacy-of-the-object.
- "You must be cynical or perish." The book's stance is "not… a cynical philosophical view, but an objective view of societies, and possibly of all systems of thought. The energy itself is cynical and immoral." Against critical negativity Baudrillard proposes an ironic theory: "there is perhaps another, more joyous way of seeing things, and of finally substituting for eternally critical theory an ironic theory." See objective-irony, principle-of-evil.
- "This revolution will not be symbolic, dazzling, and subjective, but obscure and ironic. It won't be dialectical, it will be fatal." The "insurrection of the object" is "a silent revolution, but the only one left now." See fatal-strategies, the-masses.
"Ecstasy and Inertia"
- Things avoid dialectics by proliferating to the limit. "Things have found a way of avoiding a dialectics of meaning that was beginning to bore them: by proliferating indefinitely, increasing their potential, outbidding themselves in an ascension to the limit, an obscenity that henceforth becomes their immanent finality and senseless reason."
- The world is not dialectical but sworn to extremes. "The world is not dialectical — it is sworn to extremes, not to equilibrium, sworn to radical antagonism, not to reconciliation or synthesis. This is also the principle of Evil, as expressed in the 'evil genie' of the object, in the ecstatic form of the pure object and in its strategy, victorious over that of the subject." See ecstasy, principle-of-evil, supremacy-of-the-object.
- Potentialization against dialectics. "We will not oppose the beautiful to the ugly, but will look for the uglier than ugly: the monstrous… We will not distinguish the true from the false, but will look for the falser than false: illusion and appearance." "To the truer than true we will oppose the falser than false." See ecstasy, appearance-and-disappearance.
- Ecstasy is the pure and empty form of a thing spinning on itself. "Ecstasy is the quality proper to any body that spins until all sense is lost, and then shines forth in its pure and empty form. Fashion is the ecstasy of the beautiful… Simulation is the ecstasy of the real." "The real does not efface itself in favor of the imaginary; it effaces itself in favor of the more real than real: the hyperreal." See ecstasy, simulation-hyperreality.
- The social—and everything else—is defined by what it fades into. "Sexuality does not fade into sublimation, repression and morality, but fades much more surely into the more sexual than sex: porn." "things visible… fade into the more visible than visible: obscenity." "Masses are the ecstasy of the social." See obscenity, the-masses.
- Hypertely: finality pushed past its end. "Finality does not give way to the aleatory, but to a hyperfinality, a hyperfunctionality: more functional than the functional, more final than the final — hypertely." "In a system where things are increasingly governed by chance, finality turns into delirium." The forms: the cancerous cell, the crustacean "that leaves the sea far behind," Easter Island's statues. See hypertely, metastasis, inertia.
- The dead point and catastrophe. "Dead point: the dead center where every system crosses this subtle limit of reversibility, contradiction and doubt and enters live into noncontradiction, into its own exalted contemplation, into ecstasy…" "Once the meaning of history is over… every event becomes catastrophe, becomes an event pure and without consequence (but that is its power)." See inertia, catastrophe, reversibility.
- Canetti's blind point: history has stopped being real. Quoting Canetti: "past a certain point in time, history has not been real… the whole human race seems to have suddenly left reality behind." Baudrillard: "The point he refers to is by definition impossible to find, for if we could grasp it, time would be given back to us… we have crossed it without noticing it." See catastrophe, history.
- Dissuasion turns war into its own pure and empty form. "The system dissuades itself, and this is the paradoxically beneficial aspect of dissuasion: there is no more space for war." "We should therefore hope for the continuation of this nuclear escalation and arms race as the price we pay for pure war; that is, for the pure and empty form… of war, where for the first time we can congratulate ourselves on the absence of the event." See deterrence, ecstasy.
- The seismic form: catastrophe takes the form of its culture. "Even more current is the seismic form, so true is it that catastrophes take on the form of their culture. Cities are even distinguished by the catastrophic forms they presuppose… New York is King Kong, or the blackout… Los Angeles is the horizontal fault." "We are in a fissile universe, of wandering ice-floes and horizontal drifts." See catastrophe.
- Pompei: the mental effect of catastrophe. "Pompei is thus a kind of trompe-l'oeil or primal scene: the same vertigo of a missing dimension, that of time." "This is the mental effect of catastrophe: stopping things before they end, thus maintaining them indefinitely in the suspense of their apparition." See catastrophe, appearance-and-disappearance.
"Figures of the Transpolitical"
- The transpolitical is the mode of disappearance of all scenes. "The transpolitical is the transparency and obscenity of all structures in a destructured universe… The end of the scene of the historical, the end of the scene of the political, the end of the scene of fantasy, the end of the scene of the body — the irruption of the obscene. The end of the secret — the irruption of transparency." It is "the malicious curvature that puts an end to the horizon of meaning." See transpolitical, obscenity, the-secret.
- Anomie vs. anomaly. "The era of the political was one of anomie: crisis, violence, madness, and revolution. The era of the transpolitical is that of anomaly: an aberration of no consequence." "Anomie is that which escapes the jurisdiction of the law; anomaly is that which escapes the jurisdiction of the norm." Anomaly "no longer has the tragic side of abnormality… It is on the order of a pure and simple apparition." See anomie-and-anomaly.
- Obesity as a mode of disappearance for the body. "Paradoxically, it is a mode of disappearance for the body. The secret rule that delimits the sphere of the body has disappeared… it is as if the body was no longer opposed to an external world, but sought to digest space in its own appearance." The obese are "fascinating for their total oblivion of seduction." See the-obese, the negation of the body.
- The obese and the clone are mutants of the same process. "The proliferation of the body is not far from genetic proliferation." "The sex of the clone is superfluous." "Not longer even individualized or sexual, it is no more than an indefinite extension: metastasis." See the-obese, metastasis, cloning-and-the-genetic-code.
- Metastasis is the anticipation of death within life. Via Franz von Baader: "metastasis, which he likens to ecstasy… the anticipation of death, and of the beyond of its own end at the heart of life itself." "Porn makes sexuality appear superfluous — that is what is obscene: not that there is too much sex, but that sex is too much." See metastasis, obscenity.
- Revolt has become genetic. "Once, revolts were political… Today these hardly ever break out. In our quartenary universe, revolt has become genetic, like the cells in cancer and metastases: uncontrollable vitality and undisciplined proliferation." See metastasis, the-obese.
- The hostage: terror is anomalous, not anomic. "Violence is anomic, but terror is anomalous. Like obesity, terror is a sort of convex and deforming mirror of order and the political scene: the mirror of its disappearance." "Neither dead nor alive, the hostage is suspended by an incalculable outcome." See the-hostage, anomie-and-anomaly.
- We are all hostages. "We are all hostages. We all now serve as dissuasive arguments. Objective hostages… But we are also subjective hostages… This is the law of the insured society, where all risks must be covered." "We are all hostages, and we are all terrorists… Gone is the constellation of alienation: from now on it is that of terror." See the-hostage, deterrence.
- Liberty, security, terror are objective states of the system. "a relatively loose, diffuse and extensive state of the system produces liberty; a different state of the system (denser) produces security…; a further state of the system, that of proliferation and saturation, produces panic and terror." "There is no metaphysics in any of this: these are objective states of the system." See the-hostage, freedom.
- Blackmail and manipulation replace interdiction and law. "Blackmail is worse than interdiction. Dissuasion is worse than sanctions. In dissuasion it is no longer, 'Don't do that,' but rather, 'if you don't do it…' And it stops there." "The whole art of blackmail and manipulation lies in this suspense." See the-hostage, manipulation.
- The hostage is obscene because he represents nothing. "The hostage is himself obscene. He is obscene because he no longer represents anything (this is the very definition of obscenity). He is in a state of pure and simple exhibition." See the-hostage, obscenity.
- The inexchangeable is the pure object. "We are living the end of exchange. However, only exchange protects us from destiny. Where exchange is no longer possible, we find ourselves in a fatal situation, a situation of destiny." "The inexchangeable is the pure object, whose power forbids either possessing or exchanging it." See the-hostage, symbolic-exchange, destiny.
- Obscenity today is over-representation, not repression. "It's otherwise for us: obscenity today is, on the contrary, that of over-representation. Our own radical obscenity is no longer that of the hidden and the repressed, it's the transparency of the social itself." "In the beginning was the secret… Then there was the repressed… Finally comes the obscene… White obscenity." See obscenity, the-secret.
- Seduction against terror is the only stake. "Against the true of the true, against the truer than true (which immediately becomes pornographic)… we must remake illusion, rediscover illusion, this power, at once immoral and maleficent, to tear the same away from the same, called seduction. Seduction against terror: these are the stakes. There are no others." See seduction, obscenity.
- The ecstasy of communication and the new schizophrenia. "We are no longer in the drama of alienation, we are in the ecstasy of communication." "No more hysteria… it is the normal state that terrifies the schizophrenic: the too-great proximity of everything… he is only an absorbant screen." See ecstasy, ecstasy-of-communication, schizophrenia.
"Ironic Strategies"
- Immoral energy, not morality, drives societies. "Neither the morality nor the positive value system of a society makes for progress, but rather its immorality and vice." "Competition is stronger than any morality, and competition is immoral. Fashion is more powerful than any aesthetic, and fashion is immoral." "You must be cynical or perish." See principle-of-evil, objective-irony.
- No social project has ever existed. "no social project worthy of the name has ever really existed, that in the end no group has ever really conceived itself as social… there has never been even the shadow nor the embryo of a responsible collective subject." See the-masses, the-social.
- The people want the spectacle of revolution, not revolution. Via Rivarol: "The people didn't really want a Revolution, they wanted a spectacle of it." "If our perversion lies in this, that we never desire the real event, but its spectacle, never things, but their sign." See spectacle, the-masses.
- Bataille's accursed share: the superfluous is essential. "It is precisely the superfluous, the excessive that is essential… The social is a luxury." "the principle of economics begins with the fact that there's never enough for everyone, Bataille's principle with the fact that there's always too much for everyone, and that excess is our destiny." See symbolic-exchange, principle-of-evil.
- Power must desire its own death; the empty place. "power… should somehow desire its own death. Lacking which it falls into the illusion of power." "power, like truth, is the empty place you must know how never to occupy, but that you must know how to produce so that others will be swallowed up in it." See objective-irony, power.
- May '68 as defensive simulation. "This was the nonconcerted tactic of May '68: to force power to coincide with its own nonsimulated exercise… simulation is always the most effective weapon… a defensive simulation, which is to rob power of its own secret (precisely that it doesn't exist)." See objective-irony, simulation-hyperreality.
- The evil genie of the object: the object answers back. "Perhaps unhappy with being alienated by observation, the object is fooling us? Perhaps it's inverting its own answers, and not only those that are solicited? … taking this process for a challenge (which it is) it's answering with a challenge." "today the analyzed object triumphs everywhere, by its very position as object, over the subject of analysis." See objective-irony, supremacy-of-the-object.
- The object only pretends to obey physics. "the object only pretends to obey the laws of physics because it gives so much pleasure to the observer." See objective-irony, supremacy-of-the-object.
- Polls and the masses: the screen of disappearance. "A screen, whether TV or survey, represents nothing." "The masses destroy and eclipse the individual. But perhaps for the individual they represent the long dreamed of occasion to disappear?" "We record everything, but we don't believe it, because we have become screens ourselves." See the-masses, objective-irony, simulation-hyperreality.
- The masses are pure object, not the alienated subject. "The masses are not at all an object of oppression and manipulation… All their (transpolitical) power is in being there as pure object." "the object is never innocent, it exists and takes revenge." See the-masses, supremacy-of-the-object.
- The masses' anti-will: a sovereign delegation of desire. "The masses know that they know nothing and they have no desire to know. The masses know they are powerless, and they don't want power." "Choice is an ignoble imperative." Brummel: "Which lake do I prefer?" See voluntary-servitude, the-masses.
- Seduction against love. "I prefer the dual form of seduction to the universal form of love." "It is possible to speak of seduction because it is a dual and intelligible form, while love is a universal and unintelligible one." "seduction is pagan, love is Christian." See seduction, appearance-and-disappearance.
- Sexual difference is the weakest difference. "Sexuality signals, in fact, with its biological and pretentious evidence, the weakest and poorest difference, the one that's left over after all other differences have been lost." "Seduction alone can put an end to the domination of one sex over the other." See seduction, sexual-difference.
- The ecological libido and the demand-form of love. "Ecological libido, a product specific to our epoch, spread out everywhere in homeopathic and homeostatic doses… It corresponds ideally to an order of manipulation." "Seduce me, love me, make me come, pay attention to me… the fetal strategies." See seduction, voluntary-servitude.
"The Object and Its Destiny"
- "Only the subject desires; only the object seduces." The book's central reversal: "We have always lived off the splendor of the subject and the poverty of the object… But everything is inverted if one passes on to the thought of seduction. There, it's no longer the subject which desires, it's the object which seduces." See supremacy-of-the-object, seduction.
- The subject position is untenable; the only strategy is the object's. "the position of the subject has become simply untenable… the only possible position is that of the object. The only strategy possible is that of the object." "The pure object is sovereign, because it is what breaks up the sovereignty of the other and catches it in its own trap. The crystal takes revenge." See supremacy-of-the-object, reversibility.
- The object has no desire. "the object does not believe in its own desire; the object does not live off the illusion of its own desire; the object has no desire… It is not divided with itself." See supremacy-of-the-object, desire.
- The fetish and the singular object against causality. "The entire destiny of the subject passes into the object. For universal causality, irony substitutes the fatal power of a singular object." "Any effect is sublime if not reduced to its cause… only the effect is necessary; the cause is accidental." See supremacy-of-the-object, objective-irony.
- The absolute commodity (Baudelaire). Via Agamben on Baudelaire: the work of art should become "more commodity than commodity," an "absolute commodity" in which use-value and exchange-value "abolish each other mutually," whose "value consists… in its inutility." "synthesis is a soft solution; dialectics a nostalgic one. The only radical and modern answer: potentiate what is new, original, unexpected in the commodity." See absolute-commodity, sign-value, use-value.
- Baudelaire against Benjamin. "This perspective… is superior in many ways to that of Walter Benjamin. In The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, Benjamin derives from the object's loss of aura… a desperately political determination." "Baudelaire was better at resisting the depressing theory of alienation." See absolute-commodity, benjamin-walter.
- The woman as object, the man as subject. "The woman is not in the position of desire; she's in the much higher position of object of desire." "What makes for her power is… her triumphal indifference, her triumphal lack of subjectivity." "The power of the object lies in its irony. Difference is always serious, but indifference is ironic." See supremacy-of-the-object, seduction.
- The sexual object and the enigma of the other's jouissance. "The very possibility of sexuality rests on the fact that each of us is ignorant of how the other comes… This is a vital misunderstanding." "The supreme orgasm is metamorphosis." (The Tiresias story.) See seduction, sexual-difference.
- The gray imminence: the art of making the other disappear. The follower "steals his trace from him"; photography here "says: here… there was someone. And it says simultaneously: it made no sense to be here… there was no one." "the murder is subtler: it consists, as you follow someone step by step, of erasing his trace as you go." See appearance-and-disappearance, seduction.
- The rule stronger than the law: seduce what has been produced. "The law imposes production upon us, but the secret rule, never spoken, hidden behind the law, imposes seduction upon us, and that rule is stronger than the law." "One must seduce what one has produced and engendered." See ceremony-of-the-world, seduction.
- The secret: only the other knows. "only the other knows, God alone knows, destiny alone knows. The secret is what envelopes you without your knowing it." "No one holds the key to his own secret — this is the error of all psychology, including that of the unconscious." See the-secret, destiny.
- The crystal revenge: psychoanalysis killed the Sphinx. "For Oedipus to return to Thebes and to the Oedipal problematic… the Sphinx has to be dead, which means an end has to be put to seduction and its vertigo." "Seduction is what tears you from your own desire to return you to the sovereignty of the world." See seduction, psychoanalysis, freud-sigmund.
- Chance is the purgatory of causality; there is no chance. "Chance is the purgatory of causality, where souls are waiting to be given back their bodies, where effects are waiting for their cause." The stronger hypothesis: "that this is a world where there is no such thing as chance… Everything, on the contrary, is fatally, admirably connected." See chance, destiny.
- Fatality: the precession of effects over causes. "This is the definition of fate: the precession of the effects over their very causes. So all things happen before having happened. Reasons come after." "When things go faster than their causes, they have the time to appear, to occur as appearances before even becoming real." See destiny, appearance-and-disappearance.
- Predestination over freedom; the second birth. "the theory of predestination is infinitely superior to that of freedom of the soul." "what happens a second time becomes fatal." "Everyone has the right to a second birth: the true one." See destiny, voluntary-servitude.
- Ceremony and the rule of appearances. "In the order of highly conventional and perfectly arranged connections… ceremony is the equivalent of fatality." "The secret is made up of the annihilation of causes and the burial of ends in the organized order of appearances alone: the Rule of Appearances and Disappearances." See ceremony-of-the-world, appearance-and-disappearance.
- The Laws of Manu: predestination and discrimination. "Every detail of existence, in the code of Manu, is minutely ritualized… Not difference, which is always meaningful, but discrimination, which is the truly rigorous form of labeling." "not to be judged… a system of rules." See ceremony-of-the-world, anomie-and-anomaly.
- The Peking Opera: flinity and the ceremonial space. "all Chinese theatre… is a staging of the dual flinity of bodies, actions, voices and movements." Bodies are "mobile and acrobatic mirrors of each other"; "the weapons do not touch, but brush against each other violently." See ceremony-of-the-world, appearance-and-disappearance.
- Ceremony is a tactile universe; touch is obscene. "Two bodies that bump and collide are obscene and impure." "Dress serves this purpose… an immovable ceremonial constraint." "Theory is just like ceremony… both are violent; both are produced to prevent things and concepts from touching indiscriminately." See ceremony-of-the-world, obscenity.
"For a Principle of Evil"
- The object is translucent to evil; the principle of Evil as original subversion. "The subject obeys our metaphysics… The object, however, is translucent to evil." "Even before being produced, the world was seduced… The world has been refuted at its source — so it is impossible for it ever to be verified." "the truly diabolical, even in thought, is original subversion." See principle-of-evil, objective-irony.
- It is the spiral of worsening that is interesting. "it is not Evil that is interesting, it's the spiral of worsening. For the subject clearly reflects… the Evil principle in its mirror; but the object wants to be worse, and demands the worst." See principle-of-evil, reversibility.
- Voluntary servitude is a fatal disobedience. "obedience, in effect, is a banal strategy… for it secretly contains—all obedience secretly contains—a fatal disobedience to the symbolic order." "Liberating logic is basically understood only by a few; essentially it is fatal logic that wins out." "there is no liberation but this one: in the deepening of negative conditions." See voluntary-servitude, principle-of-evil.
- The drive to spectacle protects us from the real. "This will to spectacle and illusion, opposed to all will for knowledge and power… haunts nonetheless the process of events." On nuclear war: "We can accept the loss of the real world, but we cannot accept the loss of the spectacle of the world." Nuclear holocaust "threatens dangerously to deny us all hope of spectacle. That is why it won't happen." See spectacle, deterrence, catastrophe.
- The second coming and the second life. "no life can be conceived of outside the framework of a second chance… These will come back, for they can only disappear on the horizon of your life." "When a life knows no second coming of this kind, it ends before having begun." See destiny, appearance-and-disappearance.
- The closing wager. "Everything can be summed up in this: let's believe for a single instant the hypothesis that there is a fatal and enigmatic bias in the order of things." "At the heart of banal strategies is the fiery desire of fatal strategies." "how could there be fatality if there is strategy? That's just the point: the enigma is that fatality is at the heart of every strategy." See fatal-strategies, destiny.
Connections
Concepts: fatal-strategies, ecstasy, hypertely, obscenity, transpolitical, the-obese, metastasis, the-hostage, the-masses, seduction, supremacy-of-the-object, absolute-commodity, reversibility, principle-of-evil, objective-irony, appearance-and-disappearance, ceremony-of-the-world, catastrophe, inertia, chance, destiny, the-secret, anomie-and-anomaly, voluntary-servitude, symbolic-exchange, simulation-hyperreality, spectacle, deterrence, sign-value, use-value, cloning-and-the-genetic-code, nihilism-of-transparency, pataphysics-of-simulacra, implosion-of-meaning, the-remainder, semiocapitalism, system-of-objects, the-decorative. Authors: baudrillard-jean, benjamin-walter, nietzsche-friedrich, freud-sigmund, levi-strauss-claude, marx-karl, debord-guy, virilio-paul, lefebvre-henri, adorno-theodor-w. Debates: truth-and-illusion, spectacle-vs-function, structuralism-vs-poststructuralism, phenomenology-vs-psychoanalysis, everyday-vs-iconic-architecture. Related source notes: source-notes/baudrillard-1968-the-system-of-objects, source-notes/baudrillard-1994-simulacra-and-simulation, source-notes/baudrillard-2006-structures-of-atmosphere, source-notes/soja-2000-postmetropolis, source-notes/tang-2006-decorating-culture, source-notes/debord-2021-society-of-the-spectacle, source-notes/marinic-2018-internal-disconnect-portman.
Direct Quotes
"Things have found a way of avoiding a dialectics of meaning that was beginning to bore them: by proliferating indefinitely, increasing their potential, outbidding themselves in an ascension to the limit, an obscenity that henceforth becomes their immanent finality and senseless reason." ("Ecstasy and Inertia")
"The world is not dialectical — it is sworn to extremes, not to equilibrium, sworn to radical antagonism, not to reconciliation or synthesis. This is also the principle of Evil, as expressed in the 'evil genie' of the object, in the ecstatic form of the pure object and in its strategy, victorious over that of the subject." ("Ecstasy and Inertia")
"Ecstasy is the quality proper to any body that spins until all sense is lost, and then shines forth in its pure and empty form. Fashion is the ecstasy of the beautiful… Simulation is the ecstasy of the real." ("Ecstasy and Inertia")
"The real does not efface itself in favor of the imaginary; it effaces itself in favor of the more real than real: the hyperreal." ("Ecstasy and Inertia")
"Finality does not give way to the aleatory, but to a hyperfinality, a hyperfunctionality: more functional than the functional, more final than the final — hypertely." ("Ecstasy and Inertia")
"Dead point: the dead center where every system crosses this subtle limit of reversibility, contradiction and doubt and enters live into noncontradiction, into its own exalted contemplation, into ecstasy…" ("Ecstasy and Inertia")
"The transpolitical is the transparency and obscenity of all structures in a destructured universe… The end of the secret — the irruption of transparency." ("Figures of the Transpolitical")
"The era of the political was one of anomie: crisis, violence, madness, and revolution. The era of the transpolitical is that of anomaly: an aberration of no consequence, contemporaneous with the event of no consequence." ("Figures of the Transpolitical")
"We are all hostages, and we are all terrorists. This circuit has replaced that other one of masters and slaves, the dominating and the dominated, the exploiters and the exploited… It is worse than the one it replaces, but at least it liberates us from liberal nostalgia and the ruses of history." ("Figures of the Transpolitical")
"The hostage is himself obscene. He is obscene because he no longer represents anything (this is the very definition of obscenity)." ("Figures of the Transpolitical")
"In the beginning was the secret, and this was the rule of the game of appearance. Then there was the repressed, and this was the rule of the game of depth. Finally comes the obscene, and this is the rule of the game of a world without appearance or depth — a transparent universe. White obscenity." ("The Obscene")
"Against the true of the true, against the truer than true (which immediately becomes pornographic), against the obscenity of obviousness… we must remake illusion, rediscover illusion, this power, at once immoral and maleficent, to tear the same away from the same, called seduction. Seduction against terror: these are the stakes. There are no others." ("The Obscene")
"This is not… a cynical philosophical view, but an objective view of societies, and possibly of all systems of thought. The energy itself is cynical and immoral… You must be cynical or perish." ("The Evil Genie of the Social")
"It is precisely the superfluous, the excessive that is essential… The social is a luxury." ("The Evil Genie of the Social")
"power, like truth, is the empty place you must know how never to occupy, but that you must know how to produce so that others will be swallowed up in it." ("The Evil Genie of the Social")
"the object only pretends to obey the laws of physics because it gives so much pleasure to the observer." ("The Evil Genie of the Object")
"The masses are not at all an object of oppression and manipulation… All their (transpolitical) power is in being there as pure object… the object is never innocent, it exists and takes revenge." ("The Evil Genie of the Object")
"This revolution will not be symbolic, dazzling, and subjective, but obscure and ironic. It won't be dialectical, it will be fatal." ("The Evil Genie of the Object")
"I prefer the dual form of seduction to the universal form of love." ("The Evil Genie of Passion")
"Sexuality signals, in fact, with its biological and pretentious evidence, the weakest and poorest difference, the one that's left over after all other differences have been lost." ("The Evil Genie of Passion")
"Only the subject desires; only the object seduces." ("The Supremacy of the Object")
"the position of the subject has become simply untenable… the only possible position is that of the object. The only strategy possible is that of the object." ("The Supremacy of the Object")
"No dialectic between the two; synthesis is a soft solution, dialectics a nostalgic one. The only radical and modern answer: potentiate what is new, original, unexpected in the commodity — for example, its formal indifference to utility and value, the preeminence given to circulation." ("The Absolute Commodity")
"The power of the object lies in its irony. Difference is always serious, but indifference is ironic." ("In Praise of the Sexual Object")
"the murder is subtler: it consists, as you follow someone step by step, of erasing his trace as you go. Now no one can live without leaving a trace." ("The Gray Imminence")
"The law imposes production upon us, but the secret rule, never spoken, hidden behind the law, imposes seduction upon us, and that rule is stronger than the law." ("The Gray Imminence")
"only the other knows, God alone knows, destiny alone knows. The secret is what envelopes you without your knowing it." ("The Gray Imminence")
"Seduction is what tears you from your own desire to return you to the sovereignty of the world." ("The Crystal Revenge")
"Chance is the purgatory of causality, where souls are waiting to be given back their bodies, where effects are waiting for their cause." ("The Fatal, or, Reversible Imminence")
"This is the definition of fate: the precession of the effects over their very causes. So all things happen before having happened. Reasons come after." ("The Fatal, or, Reversible Imminence")
"When things go faster than their causes, they have the time to appear, to occur as appearances before even becoming real. It's then that they keep their power of seduction." ("The Fatal, or, Reversible Imminence")
"In the order of highly conventional and perfectly arranged connections… ceremony is the equivalent of fatality." ("The Ceremony of the World")
"Two bodies that bump and collide are obscene and impure… There must be discrimination; otherwise the world becomes impoverished, wretched and violent in a perfectly futile way: in confusion." ("The Ceremony of the World")
"The subject obeys our metaphysics, which has always tried to distill Good and Evil. The object, however, is translucent to evil." ("For a Principle of Evil")
"it is not Evil that is interesting, it's the spiral of worsening. For the subject clearly reflects, to its dismay, the Evil principle in its mirror; but the object wants to be worse, and demands the worst." ("For a Principle of Evil")
"there is no liberation but this one: in the deepening of negative conditions. All forms that tend to project a dazzling and miraculous liberty are only revolutionary homilies." ("For a Principle of Evil")
"We can accept the loss of the real world, but we cannot accept the loss of the spectacle of the world." ("For a Principle of Evil")
"Everything can be summed up in this: let's believe for a single instant the hypothesis that there is a fatal and enigmatic bias in the order of things." ("For a Principle of Evil")
Open Questions
- Is Fatal Strategies a break or a bridge? Pettman calls it "one of Baudrillard's most emphatic and comprehensive statements," alongside Symbolic Exchange and Death. Does its object-centric metaphysics (the subject untenable, the object sovereign) supersede the political economy of the sign (System of Objects, 1968) and the media theory of simulation (Simulacra, 1981) — or supply their missing ground? (See source-notes/baudrillard-1968-the-system-of-objects, source-notes/baudrillard-1994-simulacra-and-simulation.)
- Can the "fatal strategies" of a non-human object ground a politics, or only a poetics? The book's only positive programme is "to side with the object" and "leave the field open to objective irony." Is this a genuine politics of the object, or an aestheticization of powerlessness? The wiki's everyday-vs-iconic-architecture and critical-theory-and-architecture debates should test it.
- The gender question. Fatal Strategies makes the woman the privileged object (the "triumphal indifference" of the object of desire), and argues that "seduction alone can put an end to the domination of one sex over the other." Is this a liberation from sexual difference or a re-naturalization of the woman-as-object? The wiki's gender-and-the-interior and sexual-difference materials must arbitrate.
- The relation to Debord and the Situationists. Baudrillard extends "the poetic praxis of the Situationists" while declaring "the enemy" no longer life-draining Capital but "the biopolitical logic of the code." Is the fatal strategy a radicalization of the spectacle critique or its evacuation? (See spectacle, source-notes/debord-2021-society-of-the-spectacle.)
- Baudelaire vs. Benjamin on the commodity. Baudrillard explicitly prefers Baudelaire's "absolute commodity" to Benjamin's "desperately political" melancholy. Does the wiki's materialist account of the image-economy need the Baudelairean option — the commodity outbidden rather than resisted? (See absolute-commodity, source-notes/elliott-benjamin-for-architects.)
- Is the "ceremony of the world" a usable concept for design? The Laws of Manu, dress, the Peking Opera and the Rule of Appearances/Disappearances suggest a theory of formal order against meaning and chance. Does the wiki's voluntary-constraints, rule-of-the-game, or scenography material take it up?